Sewer systems are divided into different categories. These are gravity sewers, force mains, and separate or storm sewers. Force mains are necessary for areas with lower elevations or distant areas with similar peaks. A force main includes a sewer sump and a pump station. The pump may discharge the accumulated sewage to another gravity sewer or a treatment plant. These systems are typically constructed of HDPE or welded steel.

Force mains

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Force mains should be checked regularly if you’re looking to protect your community or minimize repair costs. This is important because a failure can have severe environmental, social, and financial consequences. With the help of advanced technology, utilities can assess force mains and identify trouble spots. This can reduce the chance of a significant failure and save money. In addition, this kind of service makes it easier than ever to inspect and maintain force mains.

Another benefit of force primary sewer services is that they can be installed in areas where deep excavation is not feasible or expensive. These force mains are designed to conduct wastewater flow to treatment plants. Electrical pumps propel wastewater to a treatment facility in regions where gravity won’t work.

Pressure mains

Sewer systems transport wastewater away from home and connect a community to a centralized drain field. This process is essential to prevent the pollution of local waterways, but it also requires maintenance. Without proper care, a sewer system can become overfilled and back up, polluting nearby areas.

There are many different types of sewer systems. The best option is a gravity-powered system where pipes from every home feed into a single extensive line—this main pipe may be three or five feet in diameter. Then the wastewater flows to a water treatment plant, where it is cleaned of harmful contaminants.

Sewer pipes in a home are typically four inches in diameter. Once they exit the property line, the pipe size increases to six inches. Therefore, homes in multi-family buildings or other buildings with large rainwater need larger pipes.

Separate sewer systems

Separate sewer systems are designed to separate the wastewater from surface runoff and infiltration flow. This helps prevent sewer overflow during periods of rain and prevents surface runoff from mixing with sewage. The system also allows surface runoff to be used for agriculture or landscaping. Nevertheless, separate sewer systems are expensive to implement.

Whether combined or separate, sewer systems require constant monitoring and maintenance to avoid backflows and other problems. If the system is clogged or damaged, untreated water can overflow and pollute the nearby waterways and streets. As a result, it is essential to maintain separate sewer systems to prevent such problems.

Separate sewer systems separate sewage from surface runoff, minimizing the risk of flooding basements in low-lying areas. Different sewer systems can also direct rainwater to detention basins.

Storm sewers

Storm sewers are different from other types of sewer services in many ways. Storm sewers carry stormwater in sub-basins sized to bring the design storm at “just full” capacity without surcharging the pipelines. The Rational Method is used to calculate this flow rate. To do this, the total drainage area tributary to the storm sewer is divided into sub-basins. Each sub-basin is designed at a specific design point, usually at the proposed inlet locations. In addition, the storm sewer is sized to carry the intercepted flow.

Storm sewers are a necessary part of new subdivisions. In addition, many cities require real estate subdividers to provide public improvements such as streets, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, and sanitary and storm sewer systems. Storm sewers also play an important role in street lighting, an essential part of a city’s infrastructure.

In addition to storm sewers, sanitary sewer systems carry sewage from homes and businesses. Some cities also have combined sewer systems that transport stormwater and sewage. These connected systems have proven to be a significant source of environmental problems, particularly in major cities.